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Pathway Meningitis

Meningitis adalah peradangan pada selaput meningen, cairan serebrospinal dan spinal column yang menyebabkan proses infeksi pada sistem saraf pusat (Suriadi dan Rita, 2001).

Meningitis dibagi menjadi dua golongan berdasarkan perubahan yang terjadi pada cairan otak, yaitu meningitis tuberkulosis generalisata dan meningitis purulenta.
  • Meningitis Tuberkulosis Generalisata adalah radang selaput otak araknoid dan piameter yang disertai cairan otak yang jernih. Penyebab terjadinya adalah mycobacterium tuberculosa, Penyebab lain seperti Lues, Virus, Toxoplasma gondhii, Ricketsia.
  • Meningitis Purulenta adalah radang bernanah araknoid dan piameter yang meliputi otak dan medula spinalis. Penyebabnya antara lain : Diplococcus pneumoniae (pneumokok), Neisseria meningitidis (meningokok), Streptococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Penyebab meningitis adalah bakteri ; pneumococus; meningococus; stapilococus; streptococus; salmonella; virus; hemofilus influenza; herpes simplek; atau oleh karena luka / pembedahan atau injuri pada sistem persarafan. (Arief Mansjoer : 2000)


Meningitis dibagi dalam 3 stadium :

1. Keluhan non spesifik
Pada awal penyakit : Kelemahan umum, Apatis, Anoreksia, Nausea, Demam (subfebril), Nyeri kepala yang kumat-kumatan, Nyeri pada otot-otot. Bingun yang kumat-kumatan, perubahan daya mengingat, perubahan tingkah laku dan kaku kuduk biasanya terjadi 1 – 3 minggu sesudah keluhan

2. Stadium rangsang meningeal
Sesuai dengan cepatnya perjalanan penyakit klien terjadi Nyeri kepala bertambah, Vomiting, Irritabel, Kebingungan bertambah, kelumpuhan syaraf otak, Hidrosefalus, Penurunan kesadaran (stupor), Adanya disfungsi pada saraf III, IV, dan VI, Papil edema yang ringan. Reaksi pupil terhadap cahaya. Photofobia apabila cahaya diarahkan pada mata klien, Terjadi vaskulitis dan gangguan fokal, Pergerakan motorik pada masa awal penyakit biasanya normal dan pada tahap lanjutan bisa terjadi hemiparese, hemiplegia, dan penurunan tonus otot serta kemungkinan Kejang yang bisa disebabkan oleh iritasi dari korteks cerebri atau hiponatremia. Refleks Brudzinski dan refleks Kernig (+) pada bakterial meningitis dan tidak terdapat pada virus meningitis. Takikardia

3. Stadium lanjut
Kebingungan bertambah, delirium berfluktuasi dan gejala fokal makin menghebat dan nyata.


Pathway Meningitis



Sumber : http://shelnyp.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/pathway-meningitis.htmlADS
1 Komentar untuk "Pathway Meningitis"

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